Essay on Poverty and Child Development - 1589 Words

From the very second I was born, until this very day, I had understood life to be a certain way. Life had taken its course and my family, as well as myself, have suffered ups and downs. We’ve been through times which were good and which were the worst of the worst – all families do. What I didn’t know is that regardless of the good and the bad, that the life I lived was sheltered to the point where I couldn’t fathom the idea that all people had not lived a life similar to ours. Sure, I understand that some were more fortunate and some were less fortunate, but to which extent? Within my circle of influence, our friends and family, there was a certain level at which we enjoyed our lives in a comfortable sense. We’d occasionally see a†¦show more content†¦It is very true that although some families are born into poverty, other have fallen into this classification due to various circumstances they endured during the course of life’s twis ts and turns. According to a conservative remark by Thomas J. Surgrue as noted in â€Å"American Families† by Stephanie Coontz, â€Å"the wages of two underemployed workers barely pull families above the poverty line† (Surgrue, p. 245 Coontz). With this in mind, it makes us wonder if there is any hope to rely on for those who live in this area, whether it’s two underemployed parents or just a single mother or father. There is barely a difference between those who are suffering because they are unemployed and so it seems that’s it even worse for those who are working two dead end jobs and still not breaching the poverty line. Jonathan Kozol speaks of a local high school in the South Bronx when he says that â€Å"Morris High School is, after all, one of the most beleaguered, segregated, and decrepit secondary schools in United states†(Kozol). I understand the argument that they are uneducated and do not have a great ability to apply for numerous jobs , but what I don’t understand is if they even find a minimum wage job, they are better off that where they are currently. In addition, there are numerous programs which allowShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Poverty On Child Development1724 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty causes most stress within households and has an impact on the healthy development of a child. If a family struggles financially they may not have money for food to be put on the table and the child will be hungry, which has a knock of effect to a child’s learning. A child will struggle to focus and learn if they are hungry as food is needed in order for the brain to function well. A child’s physical development is likely to be affected as they will not grow and thrive at the appropriateRead MorePoverty and Child Development Essay2193 Words   |  9 PagesPoverty is defined in many ways. The dictionary definition simply does not suffice to show the human cost of poverty. Poverty is much more than the limited capital resources that this definition suggests. Poverty is defined by the federal government as 16,660 for a family of four in 1998 (Child Poverty in the United States 2000). These figures are tremendously flawed; a single individual residing in the United States would not fare well by the standards of most individuals at this income levelRead MoreThe Effects of Child Poverty on Their Cognitive and Social Development1706 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Poverty on Children’s Cognitive and Social Development PSYC318 Sheehan Gilbert-Burne 6136739 Word Count: 1650 Question 2: Discuss the effects of poverty on children’s cognitive and social development and the extent to which effects might extend into adulthood Poverty is a global issue that has been at the forefront of economic debate for over a century. Left wing politicians and anti-poverty organisations around the world still adamantly fight for aRead MorePoverty Affects Child Development And They Experience More Social Problems Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesurban areas is poverty. Children who live in poverty are impacted with many negative effects physically or mentally. Some of these issues related to poverty are substandard housing, inadequate nutrition and food insecurity, inadequate child care, lack of access to health care, unsafe neighborhoods, and under resourced schools. Studies show that â€Å"poverty affects child development and they experience more social problems† (Curley). According to the National Center for Children in Poverty, â€Å"nearly one-thirdRead MoreState of America’s Children: Child Poverty Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ State of America’s Children: Child Poverty Argosy University Online November 20, 2013 Abstract America is one of the riches countries in the world it is home to approximately 406 billionaires and many millionaires, babies are being born into poverty about every 32 seconds everyday (Children’s Defense Fund, 2010). The Children’s Defense Fund (CDF) reports one is every five children are born in to poverty and children constitute for the poorest age group in America (Children’sRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MoreNeighborhood Poverty, Social Capital, and the Cognitive Development of African American Preschoolers1482 Words   |  6 PagesChildren in families with lower incomes at or below the poverty line have been connected with poor cognitive and social development in early childhood. The studies that I chose to use evaluate the cognitive and social development during early childhood using various surveys, evaluations, and observations completed by or with the children, parents, and teachers. Development of any kind is dependent on the interplay of nature and nurture, or genetics and environment. These studies draw from a child’sRead MoreEffects of Poverty on Children: Literature Review Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesfocused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational outcomes, health, and parenting effects, and how they were impacted by children living in poverty. Impact on Development The developmental theme included reviews of fourRead MoreImpact Of Environment And Poverty On Children s Educational Development1321 Words   |  6 Pagesextent environment and poverty is a significant factor in children’s educational development and attainment. This will be done by evaluating the effects that family, environment and poverty have on the way a child develops. This essay aims to focus on the degree these themes influence educational development. Whilst focusing on the impact during different stages of a child’s primary education, I will look at how these themes influence the child and why they are important. Poverty is a major issue thatRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1554 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Poverty on Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational

Healthcare Systems And Economy From A Small Community...

Healthcare has evolved over the last few centuries from a small community based healthcare system and economy to a multi-billion dollar industry that drives how Americans live their lives. Through healthcare, Americans are able to live now into their eighties and nineties. With medical advances, chronic conditions, such as congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, that at one time were debilitating and led to palliative care, are now conditions that can be managed with one to two medications. More importantly, with the knowledge America is now mindful of, these conditions can be prevented. Through decades and decades of medicine, America has become tremendously conscientious of health. As healthcare has evolved within the United States, billions of dollars and countless days have been put in by our forefathers to allow healthcare to be a right to the American population. Looking at other countries, their citizens do not have to pay for quality healthcare . It is given to them, as a right. In May, our country and president were scorned by the Cuban president, Raul Castro, for not allowing free education and healthcare for all sexes and ethnicities (Cubans tell Obama: healthcare is a human right, 2016). The question that strikes thought for Americans is how can other countries, such as Cuba, provide free healthcare to their citizens? Our country needs to focus on other countries’ healthcare system framework and develop their own. CitizensShow MoreRelatedEvolution of Health Care999 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution of Health Care Information Systems Nancy Glaz HCS/533 February, 4, 2013 Sean Kern Evolution of Health Care Information Systems The introduction of Health Information Systems (HIS) to the health care industry has changed the delivery and reimbursement services in the United States (US). The history of information systems (IS) has enhanced communication between patients, providers, and insurance providers. Prior to the information age, health care use a paper method to maintainRead MoreHealthcare Between Canada And The United States1240 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will compare the healthcare service and healthcare status between Canada and the United States. Canada and the United States have a totally different healthcare system. Many people argued that the United States healthcare system needs some upgrading, while, some people admire Canada’s healthcare system due to the fact that Canada’s healthcare does more for less. Research has shown that Canada spends less of its’ GDP on it’s healthcare yet performs better than the United States. CanadaRead MoreChina s Cooperative Medical System1722 Words   |  7 Pagescountry, maintaining an affordable healthcare system that is available to all of its citizens is crucial for its eventual success. Countless different countries have struggled to devise a way to provide health insurance to their citizens, and China is no exception. Ever since the collapse of China’s Cooperative Medical System in the 1980’s, rural citizens have struggled immensely to obtain affordable healthcare. This paper intends to examine Chinese healthcare reform from 2000 to 2005, mainly focusingRead MoreThe Government Structure Of Singapore Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesto its small size and urban environment. It boasts a diverse culture and infrastructure that should not be overlooked. Some of the key variables to familiarize yourself with when analyzing this country are the government structure, military structure, economy, and the role of the physical environment. Learning what eth nicities, languages, religions, and social norms are present will aid in your integration into this country. 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In order to manage healthcare costs inRead MoreUniversal Healthcare: The Pros and Cons1293 Words   |  6 Pages Universal Healthcare: The Pros and Cons On March 23, 2010 the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed by President Obama, raising the question for many of whether this new law was going to be more helpful or hurtful. With universal healthcare, healthcare coverage would be increased tremendously, costs would be reduced, jobs would be created, and consumers would be protected. Conversely, it will also raise taxes and wait times, lead to a smaller number of doctors, and infringe onRead MoreA Brief Note On Healthcare And The Economy1741 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare and the economy are in the midst of historic realignments. Community Health Nurses need to innovate and evolve if the community clinics are going to continue to serve our patients and remain an economic engine for the region. Doctors’ offices have seen a revolution in the past quarter century. Outpatient visits have grown by two hundred percent. The center of the community is shifting away from the hospital. Outpatient care has replaced ho spital care, and outpatient care is being replaced

Management of Change in policy - free sample -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. Brieflyexplain the link between each definition and its underlying theoretical perspective. 2. Using an organization that you are familiar with and explane Briefly introduce the organisation. Identify and describe a change that is happening, or has previously happened, within it. Go on to explain how your definitions (from Question 1 above) related to the change occurring in this organisation. 3. Draw up a SWOT analysis,as a table,to assess what has caused the need for the organisational change which you identified in question 2 above,explain, discuss and integrate your analysis, including a conclusion that summarise the current state of the business and connects this to why the change was (or is being) implemented. Then, in your own words, identify and critically evaluate the benefitsanddrawbacks of using business SWOT analyses in general to determine the need for organisations to change. 4) Using the subject materials (overview, textbook, required readings, online material), as well as your wider reading,identify, explain and critically assessthe key conceptualisations of role of the change agent,and thenapply this analysis to the change in organisation described above. (c.750 words). 5) Using the subject materials (topic overview, textbook, relevant required readings) as well as your wider reading,define and critically discussboth problem-centric and dialogic approaches to change. Answers: Question 1 There are many theories that have come up in all these years to implement the theoretical concept of change. In most of the organizations it is seen that by changing the policy of work, the standard of the organization has improved. The ontology of change is brought about by the ways in which the change has been implied in the organization. To implement changes in the organization, it is essential that the employees of the organization gladly accept the changes. It is an important point that the managers should take into consideration while implementing changes in the organization. Organizational change means the modification, transformation or amendment in the structure, processes and goods of the organization. It is the change that has an impact on the operational activities as well as the staff. The change can be imposed directly on the organization, structure of the operational activities, workforce, working hours, the way the roles are carried out and the role that is resulting in a change. The ontology associated with change management refers to the ability of the managers to recognize the organizational policies which tended to be a hurdle in the success of the organization. It is said that the changes implemented in the organization is consistent throughout depending on the adaptation by the employees.. Internal and external forces implement changes in an organization. The external forces include technological change, globalization, social and political changes and workforce diversity(Hayes J. , 2014). Whereas, the internal forces include employee expec tation, crisis, deficiencies in existing system, changes in work climate, declining effectiveness and changes in managerial personnel. The three kinds of change in a workplace are unfreezing, change and refreezing. Unfreezing refers to reducing forces for status quo; change refers to developing new attitudes, behavior and values; refreezing refers to reinforcing new values, behavior and attitudes(Cameron Green, 2015). The management of organizational change is the framework managing the effect of new and innovative business processes, changes in the organizational structure or cultural changes in the organization. This is beneficial when there is necessity for the whole organization to adapt o new skills and behavior. Lewins change management model or McKinseys 7-S model are the two theories which are considered important for effective innovation. Again, objectivism and social constructionism are the two very important aspects which help in the analysis of organizational change. So, it can be mentioned that the changes in organization can be driven for better comprehension of the process with respect to elementary and rudimentary management studies. The theory of objectivism has no primary aim of an individual to attain happiness. As the topic is based on organizational change, therefore the better goals would be identified as the profit for the organization to attain the business practices(Goetsch Davis, 2014). On the other hand, constructionism deals with the practice of knowledge and communication. The change in the form of communication is actually important for developing a cohesive bond among the employees. Another important point to be considered here is the constant communicative development which would contribute to the success in the organization. Question 2 a) In this context of organisational change, the Australian supermarket Coles is used as an example for analysis by using the theories and concepts mentioned above. Globalisation has again made it easy to evaporate a portion of the population and eradicate a part of the supply chain of Coles. By implementing the theories which are effectively processed would lead to the logical apprehension of the operational activities of Coles, Australia. Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd is the Australian supermarket chain owned by the Wesfarmers. They operate throughout Australia including more than 100000 employees(Lozano, Ceulemans, Seatter, 2015). b) Change is the common factor that is present in every business irrespective of the age, size and industry. The first step of change includes unfreeze which prepares the organization to get accustomed to the change by breaking down the prevalent status quo before creating a new way of operational activities. It can be easily done by highlighting the decrease in sales figures, poor fiscal results, customer dissatisfaction surveys and more like that. These will make the staff realize that things must change in a way so that everyone can understand(Worley Mohrman, 2014). When the unfreezing step causes uncertainty, the appearance of change step let the people resolve the confusions and seek new methods of doing things. People start developing a belief that and lead their action towards the new direction. The transformation from unfreeze to change does not occur easily but people take time to adapt to something new to participate actively. There is a similar model known as change curve which highlights the challenges faced in personal transitions which is useful for effective understanding. To experience the change and making it successful, it is necessary to understand the benefit of it. It is not mandatory for every person to understand the fact that change is necessary for the organization and that is beneficial. It is on one hand a common presumption as well as a drawback that must be avoided on highest priority(Ashkenas, 2013). In the process of the change taking place, the employees have been encouraged by the new technique of working and the organization becomes ready to refreeze. The external signs of the refreeze are a stable organization chart, consistency in job descriptions and many more like that. This stage also needs to help people in the organization to abide by the changes. This refers to the assurance of changes all the time and their implementation into everyday life. With the upcoming stability, the people in the organization feel confident and comfortable with the innovation in the working. The agents or managers of the company should involve the employees by motivating them with proper tools and techniques to implement the necessary changes. It is a challenge for the organisation when the employees cannot adapt to the changes because of their out of expertise. This can result in loss of job for the employees as they could not adjust to the change. c) The process of unfreezing is intended to prepare an organization to incorporate the changes. So, this process of change can be implemented in the Coles supermarket. It can be attained by highlighting the changes and its driving forces and the danger of not accepting the changes gladly. It includes challenging the beliefs and value system within the company and integrates an analogue of development and success if the required change is put into practice. In Coles, the main forces of change involves limiting the future of the company with respect to its hold on the capital, the continuity in sales volume, reduced turnover, losing to the customers in numbers which proves to be a challenge in the process of attracting major customers. For bringing success in Coles it is essential for the management to embrace and retain the changes according to the industry requirement. It is important for any organization to keep in flow with continuous changes. Embracing outdated technology can prove to be a competitive disadvantage for the company(Rock, 2014). Question 3 Strength Weakness Reduction in cost Attention on employee integration Change in the organisation for improving operational quality Occupy a major share in the food and liquor market Attractive pricing strategies Sudden cut from the jobs will discourage the employees and create a gap among the management and the employees They operate on lower margins as compared to their competitors Security can be threatened with respect to job retention by creating tension among the employees which has resulted an increase in the rate of turnover of employees (Cawsey, 2016) Opportunity Threat To produce profit at a multiple point Hold better control of the supply chain The change in an organisation in the human resource department has caused in a wider room for the organization to make up a new team which will be liable for utilising the power of the existing workforce(Gollenia, 2016) The company will face a threat which must be addressed in the recent future. The new recruitment must be entrusted with the operations of the organization. So, it can be mentioned that the cost behind the maintenance of human resource department is the recent threat faced by the supermarket Coles. The Australian food and liquor market is in constant evolution. From the given situational analysis by means of SWOT, it can be concluded that in majority cases, the company deals with the change occurring in the human resource department which has been efficient enough in focusing on the change in the prime operational activities. When the theories and principles are considered, it can be said that where the organization stands, at the present moment, is the junction of the change in workforce. The principles of objectivism have been taken into account when the problems and issues were concerned. b)Organisational change should always be implemented keeping in mind the internal analysis of the company. SWOT analysis is beneficial for understanding the requirements of the organisation, for instance, Coles and brings about the changes accordingly. It is helpful to understand the operational activities of the business in minute details. Whatever is mentioned in the assignment till now has been noted for primary understanding of different perspectives. In almost all the cases, the organization, such as Coles has been taken into account related to the proper understanding of the fact related to the better analysis of the case. If the primary understanding of objectivism can be focused, the effective culture related to it can be taken into consideration for basic comprehension of the process. The change in the organizational process of Coles has covered the factors related to the departure of the managers of the organization which has resulted in the change in the brand strategy(K. Vora, 2013). The brand strategy which was a topic of discussion is regarded as the main effective change in the operational process. But, there is certain effective consideration in the matter that cannot be ignored as it is related to the scope of finding out how efficiently that would enlighten the primary structure of the case that has been important for the actual purpose. For bringing change, the company must focus on the raising of moral construction and objectives of the employees. As a result of that, all these will need to be considered for properly knowing the case in detail(Carter, 2017). It can be observed that the company Coles, in the recent years Coles has cut out the jobs of many people which have lead to a terrific amount of employee redundancy in the country. The result of this decrease in workforce discouraged the employees which further led to a significant growth in the rate of employee turnover. Coles needs to incorporate some changes which would be a matter of concern for a majority of employees for decreasing the rate of employee turnover. From that time, it has been accounted like the whole case that it is important to get a grasp of the case for effective understanding of the issue(Ingram, 2014). Therefore, the decision that was taken by Coles to retain and maintain its staff has not been authorized as there was a question of authenticity. The change model of Lewin can be categorized by efficient understanding which bore a large impact on the consideration of the business case of Coles. It does not take into account the size or age of a business. Thus, it can be centered on the dynamic operational courses within the periphery of the organization. As Lewin said, the management in an organization can be related through the stages of unfreezing, change and refreezing. Question 4 To bring about changes in an organization, it is of utmost importance to engage the officials who will bring in the change. They are known as the change agents who help to observe the given situation and examine it accordingly. After carefully scrutinizing the situation, they decide to implement the required changes beneficial for the organization. The change agent has to play seven primary roles. These roles are- investigate, manage, advocate, encourage, facilitate, advise and meditate(Sonenshein, 2016). The given topic has discussed that in every case change has to incorporate by implementing certain activities in the organization itself. The agents, who are entrusted with the task of investigating, look for the hint and clues that have a big impact on the making of scope for bringing about change in the organization. In the given scenario of Coles in Australia, the change agent is analytical. Moreover, the advocating change agent supports the organization to bring in the changes f or the betterment. One important factor is effective decision making about matters related to the firm. Encouragement is also considered as an important change that requires to be categorized through the working condition of the workers. As a result, this has to be accounted that the primary factors for the overall understanding of the fact related to the powerful consideration of its effect on the total case. Facilitation is change management equipment that can be used from different perspectives(Goffin Barnett, 2015). The mediator plays the key role of incorporating change in the organization. A change that is implemented for attaining the targeted goal and managing the workforce for getting in flow with the incorporated change and put it into practice at their own level of competence. It is said that change is a continuous process which must be initiated for the benefit of the organization. The planned and discussed change is brought in by the help of a change agent. He is the person who is responsible organizational effectiveness by bringing in the change. A planned change can be brought about among the people, in the structure or in technology(Bartunek, 2014). Any hindrance in the path of change can be resolved by the change agent who encourages and motivates the employees to embrace the necessary change. Internal management gets hold of the external managers to initiate planned change. Change agents can also be categorized into external and internal change agents. The external change agents are referred to as the people who are specialized and expert in human behavior. They play the role of consultants for the company, as in Coles in this case, to derive the change strategy. The internal change agents are those who are continuously involved in the process of or ganizational change. They are an internal factor of the organization and they are depended on whenever change is required. They are selected from various levels and departments(Ledwell Oyler, 2016). They are the managers who get training from the consultants to incorporate change as the continuous process. The change agents initiate change in the wide framework of the change strategy that is designed by the external change agents. They are also responsible for leading the members of the organization to practice the change process. Internal change agents are also the advisors who are recruited from specific departments for certain time period. They go back to their original department when the change process is completed. They are responsible for convincing the members of the organization to accept the changes and implement it in practice(Berlin, Berglund, Lindskog, 2017). The message that they receive from the consultants, gets conveyed to the managers to promote behavioral skills in order to make the change process easy. The change advisors should bear diagnostic and behavioral skills in order to make the change in the organization successful. They should have the proper attitude of acceptance and the personal qualities of providing emotional support and reassurance. They take the or ganization as their own system and do not get affected by the rules and regulations. This is because they do not observe change as a continuous process as they are temporary part of the organization(Peachey, 2015). Question 5 There are some approaches which are advantageous for managing the changes in an organization. The specific approaches are different from each other and help to bring about change in the management of the company. The two kinds can be person- centric approach and dialogic approach. The theory of constructionism is usually built around the rationalization of the experience of making a social world. This model is made real through speech that is verbal communication or language. To bring organizational change there is a necessity to fight the gaps that is currently prevalent in the company (Viljoen, Villiers Laubscher, 2013). The change management models created by Lewin would take in these concepts of development of verbal communication which has to be developed by understanding the process. In fact there is this chance of inclusion of the basic need of change so that work can be done according to the frame which has been laid down by the workforce. It has to be therefore taken into consideration relating to the effective understanding of the fact that it is one of the most vital aspects on how organizations would develop and bring changes with effective implementation with the theoretical understanding of the process needing to be understood as well as how to implement it (Dunphy, Griffiths Benn, 2014). Social constructionism usually deals with the perception of an individual which is based on assumption (Weinberg, 2015). In a company this theory is usually drafted in so that the people within the organization can reciprocate. It is also necessary as in many organization the workforce is diverse and thus they need to ensure that the individuals working there must respond to the actions or to the reactions of one another for social cohesion and therefore constructive attitude is quite important to them. The term first found its hold with the Social Construction of Reality which was published in 1966. After almost forty years since the book and after a number of theories and research it was found that people make their social and cultural worlds at the same time that they make them. It is a type of a viewpoint which takes out social processes (Elder-Vass, 2013). These are serious and playful at the same time and therefore reality is concealed, created, revealed and destroyed by the activities of people. According to Ian Hacking, claims relating to social construction are not very clear always as to what is not inevitable or as to what should be done way with to bring about the change. Hackings distinction is purely based on metaphysics with a gap between things which are out there in the world and the ideas which reside in the minds of the people. To discuss it further one has to see the applications. First there is obviously the personal construct psychology (Kruglanski Higgins, 2013). It first appeared in the 1950s and has since then grown as a constructivist theory relating to the personality and a system of changing individual processes which bring out meaning in largely remedial processes. It was actually based on individuals who create and test theories about their own worlds. Therefore, it brought out one of the primitive attempts to laud the constructive nature of experience and meaning individuals give to their personal experiences. On the other hand social constructionism grew as a form of a critique which was aimed at changing the effects of oppressing social meaning processes. Over a period of time it has developed into a cluster of different approaches. There is this usual way of taking the relationship between PCP and SC as two different entities which are similar but are also very separate in other ways. After personal construct constructivism there is Educational psychology where social constructivism has been researched and studied by many psychologists, the ones who are concerned with the implications of its teaching and learning. Furthermore there is also the systematic therapy which is a form of psychotherapy which wants to address individuals as people in relationships, dealing with how groups interact and the way they interact that is the dynamics and patterns(Trevena, 2015). Then there is the teleology of social construction, where the concepts of strong and weak are put in to opposing philosophical positions. It is the goal oriented, meaningful or final end of an interpretation of reality. One such example of strong can be seen in the Construction of Social Reality where John R. Searle does not mention the strong or weak clearly but keeps a Chinese room argument where he talks about the feasibility of making a computing machine with a brilliant understanding of reality. Strong artificial intelligence is the best bet that someday computer programmers will be able to make a machine which will have a mind of its own which will eventually be more powerful than the mind of a human (Barros, 2012). Then there is David Deutschs book of the Fabric of Reality which too uses a computer which is made up of a society of people (transhuman persons). These are the ones who have debate so that they can have more information. Here the AI is weak as because it is not able to take decisions. Therefore it can be said that strong AI is strong social constructionism and weak AI is the weaker form of social constructivism (Nilsson, 2014). For weak teleology one sees the underlying brute fact which is reality. Examples of these include money, citizenship, tenure, the presidency of the United States. However, it has not been all great going. It has been criticized by eminent psychologists including the likes of Steven Pinker in his book the Blank Slate. Leda Cosmides and Jo hn Tooby used standard social science model term to address to social-science philosophies which they argue that it fails to take into account the evolved properties of the brain (Dodd Epstein, 2012). Reference Ashkenas, R. (2013). Change management needs to change. Harvard Business Review. Bartunek, J. M. (2014). Organizational and educational change. Psychology Press. Berlin, C., Berglund, J., Lindskog, E. (2017). Change Agent Infrastructure. Springer International Publishing. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, A. e. (2017). Spatial management tools for coastal seagrasses in Queensland, Australia. Australasian Coasts Ports. Working with Nature. Cawsey, T. e. (2016). Organizational change. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Goffin, S. G., Barnett, W. S. (2015). Assessing QRIS as a change agent. Gollenia, L. A. (2016). Business transformation management methodology. Routledge. Hayes, J. ((2014)). The theory and practice of change management. Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Ingram, E. L. (2014). From faculty to change agent. Lessons learned in the development and implementation of a change workshop. Vora, M. (2013). Business excellence through sustainable change management. The TQM Journal, 625-640. Ledwell, K., Oyler, C. (2016). Unstandardized responses to a standardized test. Journal of Teacher Education, 120-134. Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K., Seatter, C. S. (2015). Teaching organisational change management for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 205-215. Peachey, J. W. (2015). The influence of a sport-for-peace event on prejudice and change agent self-efficacy. Journal of Sport Management, 229-244. Rock, D. (2014). Quiet leadership. HarperCollins e-books. Sonenshein, S. (2016). How corporations overcome issue illegitimacy and issue equivocality to address social welfare. Academy of Management Review, 349-366. Trevena, H. e. (2015). A comparison of the sodium content of supermarket private-label and branded foods in Australia. Worley, C. G., Mohrman, S. A. (2014). Is change management obsolete? Organizational Dynamics, 214-224. Ashkenas, R. (2013). Change management needs to change. Harvard Business Review. Bartunek, J. M. (2014). Organizational and educational change. Psychology Press. Berlin, C., Berglund, J., Lindskog, E. (2017). Change Agent Infrastructure. Springer International Publishing. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, A. e. (2017). Spatial management tools for coastal seagrasses in Queensland, Australia. Australasian Coasts Ports. Working with Nature. Cawsey, T. e. (2016). Organizational change. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Goffin, S. G., Barnett, W. S. (2015). Assessing QRIS as a change agent. Gollenia, L. A. (2016). Business transformation management methodology. Routledge. Hayes, J. ((2014)). The theory and practice of change management. Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Ingram, E. L. (2014). From faculty to change agent. Lessons learned in the development and implementation of a change workshop. Vora, M. (2013). Business excellence through sustainable change management. The TQM Journal, 625-640. Ledwell, K., Oyler, C. (2016). Unstandardized responses to a standardized test. Journal of Teacher Education, 120-134. Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K., Seatter, C. S. (2015). Teaching organisational change management for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 205-215. Peachey, J. W. (2015). The influence of a sport-for-peace event on prejudice and change agent self-efficacy. Journal of Sport Management, 229-244. Rock, D. (2014). Quiet leadership. HarperCollins e-books. Sonenshein, S. (2016). How corporations overcome issue illegitimacy and issue equivocality to address social welfare. Academy of Management Review, 349-366. Worley, C. G., Mohrman, S. A. (2014). Is change management obsolete? Organizational Dynamics, 214-224. Weinberg, D. (2015). Contemporary social constructionism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Kruglanski, A., Higgins, E. (2013). Handbook of Constructionist Research. New York: Guilford Publications. Viljoen, R., Villiers, M., Laubscher, L. (2013). Organisational change development. Elder-Vass, D. (2013). The reality of social construction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A., Benn, S. (2014). Organizational change for corporate sustainability. London: Routledge. Barros, L. (2012). Advances in artificial intelligence-- SBIA 2012. Heidelberg: Springer. Nilsson, N. (2014). Principles of Artificial Intelligence. Berlin: Springer Berlin. Dodd, S., Epstein, I. (2012). Practice-based research in social work. London: Routledge.

Mountain Dew case analysis free essay sample

PepsiCo, Inc. is among the most successful consumer products companies in the world, with 1999 revenues of over $20 billion and 116,000 employees. â€Å"Do the Dew!† This was a long time tag line for the Mountain Dew brand. In 1995 marketing managers for Mountain Dew realized the tag line had lost consumer interests, understanding this they changed the direction of the creative. Some of PepsiCos brand names are 100 years old, but the corporation is relatively young. PepsiCos success is the result of superior products, high standards of performance, distinctive competitive strategies and the high integrity of their people. PepsiCo decided that in 2000 Mountain Dew would be featured during the Super Bowl rather than Pepsi. PepsiCo management had learned that selecting the right creative was one of the most critical decisions they made in terms of impact on sales and profits. Mountain Dew had carried PepsiCo’s soft drink revenues during the 1990s as cola brands struggled. We will write a custom essay sample on Mountain Dew case analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The problem that the company appears to be facing is how to keep their current campaign â€Å"Do the Dew† working to build on their brand image. Also Mountain Dew had to stay competitive with other caffeinated and sugary energy drinks and non-carbonated drinks. OBJECTIVES: To sustain the â€Å"Do the Dew† campaign To cater to the threat of non-carbonated soft drinks competitors. SWOT ANALYSIS: STRENGTH: PepsiCo’s became the largest carbonated drink at retail PepsiCo’s top marketing executives routinely relied upon to help guide branding decisions. WEAKNESSES: Mountain Dew was becoming less of a niche brand OPPORTUNITIES: Mountain Dew’s national media plan focused on a younger audience. THREATS: Many competitors Lack knowledge on the ads presented ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION ACA 1: Additional one month to time frame of viewing the ad in commercials Advantages: Consumers will better comprehend More exposure Disadvantages: Might be boring More competitors ACA 2: Choosing Cheetah, Dew or Die and Showstopper concepts Advantages: More interest is given to rival’s consumers Disadvantages: Might be boring Recommendation: ACA 1, which is having an additional one month to time frame of viewing the ad in commercials, is highly recommended for it give the viewer a better comprehension of the ad and of what the ad is telling. Also, the consumers  will surely remember the ad when it is presented all time in commercials. ACTION PLAN: TIME FRAME ACTIVITY PERSON RESPONSIBLE Month of February Sponsorship of fun-run where contestants wears t-shirt with the â€Å"Do the Dew† statement Scott Moffitt (Marketing Director, Mountain Dew) Month of July Organize a huge party where free mountain dew products are provided exclusively to the following people who attends Scott Moffitt (Marketing Director, Mountain Dew)

The Greek Hero Jason - Character Profile History

The Greek Hero Jason - Character Profile History Jason is the Greek legendary hero best known for his leadership of the Argonauts in the quest for the Golden Fleece and for his wife Medea (of Colchis). Jason As the 1-Sandaled Man Now Jason loved husbandry and therefore abode in the country, but he hastened to the sacrifice, and in crossing the river Anaurus he lost a sandal in the stream and landed with only one. -  Apollodorus Early in his career, Jason carried an old woman across the Anauros or Enipeus River. She was no ordinary mortal, but Hera, in disguise. In the crossing, Jason lost a sandal, and so appeared as the man in one sandal (monosandalos) foretold to kill King Pelias. Another explanation for Jasons loss of a sandal is that he might have been plowing when he stepped into the river without having fastened his sandal tight first. Jasons Parents [1.9.16] Aeson, son of Cretheus, had a son Jason by Polymede, daughter of Autolycus.   -  Apollodorus Jasons father was Aison (Aeson). His mother was Polymede, a possible daughter of Autolycus. Aison was the oldest son of winds ruler Aeolus son Cretheus, founder of Iolchus, which should have made Aison king of Iolchus, instead of Pelias, Cretheus stepson. Fearing for their son after Pelias usurped the throne, Jasons parents pretended their baby had died at birth. They sent him to the wise centaur Chiron to be raised. Chiron may have named the boy Jason (Iason). Jasons main homes were Thessaly (Iolchus and Mt. Pelion) and Corinth (Greece). The Task of Fetching the Golden Fleece The explanations for why Jason was sent revolve around the issue of Pelias occupying a throne for which Jason thought his side of the family had a better claim. The simplest explanation is that the fleece was the price of becoming king. Pelias could keep the herds and land, but the throne would go to the direct line of Cretheus after Jason brought back the golden fleece. The more popular story is that Pelias, having told the one-sandaled stranger that his death at the hand of a fellow-citizen had been foretold, asked Jason what he would do. Jason said to send him for the fleece. So Pelias ordered Jason to do so. Jason Marries Medea On the return voyage of the Argonauts, they stopped at the island of the Phaeacians, ruled by King Alcinoos and his wife Arete (featured in The Odyssey). Their pursuers from Colchis arrived at about the same time and demanded the return of Medea. Alcinoos agreed to the Colchians demand, but only if Medea werent already married. Arete secretly arranged the marriage between Jason and Medea, with Heras blessings. Jason Returns Home and Leaves Again There are various tales of what happened when Jason returned to Iolchus, but the one that is best known is that Pelias was still alive, so Medea tricked his daughters into killing him. She pretended that she would restore Pelias not just to life, but to youthful vigor. After killing Pelias, Medea and Jason took off, again, to Corinth, a place where Medea had a claim to the throne, as the granddaughter of the sun god Helios. Jason Deserts Medea Hera also favored Medea, as well as Jason, and offered their children immortality. [2.3.11] Through her Jason was king in Corinth, and Medea, as her children were born, carried each to the sanctuary of Hera and concealed them, doing so in the belief that so they would be immortal. At last she learned that her hopes were vain, and at the same time she was detected by Jason. When she begged for pardon he refused it, and sailed away to Iolcus. For these reasons Medea too departed, and handed over the kingdom to Sisyphus. -  Pausanias In the Pausanias version, Medea engages in the sort of helpful, but misunderstood behavior that scared Achilles father and Metaneira of Eleusis, who witnessed Demeters attempt to immortalize her baby. Jason could only believe the worst of his wife when he saw her engaging in such a dangerous activity, so he deserted her. Of course, the version of Jasons desertion of Medea told by Euripides is much more sinister. Jason decides to repudiate Medea and marry the Corinthian king Creons daughter, Glauce. Medea doesnt accept this change in status gracefully but arranges the death of the kings daughter by poison gown, and then kills the 2 children she has borne Jason. Death of Jason The death of Jason isnt as popular a topic of classical literature as his adventures. Jason may have killed himself or fallen victim to a decaying plank from his ship, the Argo.

SAT World History Subject Test Study Guide

SAT World History Subject Test Study Guide World history – its not just for the History Channel buffs. You can actually study for and take an entire test all about world history when you sign up for the SAT World History Subject Test. Its one of many SAT Subject Tests offered by the College Board, which have been designed to showcase your brilliance in a plethora of different areas. This one, in particular, helps you demonstrate your expansive knowledge of things like wars, famines, the rise and fall of civilizations, etc. from Before Common Era through the 20th century. Hows that for expansive? Note: The SAT World History Subject Test is not part of the SAT Reasoning Test, the popular college admissions exam. SAT World History Subject Test Basics Before you register for this test, here are the basics about the manner in which youll be tested. 60 minutes95 multiple-choice questions200-800 points possibleQuestions may be asked individually or could be placed in sets based on quotes, maps, charts, cartoons, pictures or other graphics. SAT World History Subject Test Content Heres the good stuff. What in the world (ha!) are you going to need to know? A ton, as it turns out. Take a look: Locations of Historical Information: Global or Comparative history: Approximately 23-24 questionsEuropean history: Approximately 23-24 questionsAfrican history: Approximately 9-10 questionsSouthwestern Asian history: Approximately 9-10 questionsSouthern and Southeastern Asian history: Approximately 9-10 questionsEastern Asian history: Approximately 9-10 questionsThe Americas history (excluding the United States): Approximately 9-10 questions Time Periods: B.C. E to 500 C.E.: Approximately 23-24 questions500 C.E. to 1500 C.E.: 19 questions1500 to 1900 C.E.: Approximately 23-24 questionsPost 1900 C.E.: 19 questionsCross-chronological: Approximately 9-10 questions SAT World History Subject Test Skills Your 9th grade world history class isnt going to be enough. You need more than just a meager knowledge of the Romans to do well on this thing. Heres the kind of stuff in which you should be well-versed before you sit for the test: Taking a multiple-choice testRecall and understanding of historical conceptsAnalyzing cause and effect relationshipsComprehending geography necessary for comprehending historyInterpreting maps, charts, graphs and other graphics Why Take the SAT World History Subject Test? For some of you, youll have to. If youre applying to enter a history program, especially one that focuses on world history, then you may be required to take it by the program. Check with your admissions counselor! If youre not required to take it, but youre seeking admission to some sort of historical program, it might be a good idea to go ahead and take it, especially if world history is your thing. It could showcase your knowledge if your regular SAT score wasnt so hot, or it could help to offset a less than stellar GPA. How to Prepare for the SAT World History Subject Test If you have 95 questions based on anything from early humanity to the year you were born, then Id study if I were you. The College Board offers 15 free practice questions for you, so you can get a feel for how youll be tested. It also provides a second pamphlet with the answers. We recommend a college-level world history course, with some expansive world history reading on the side. Test prep companies like The Princeton Review and Kaplan also offer some test prep for the World History Subject Test for a fee, of course. Sample SAT World History Question This sample SAT world history question comes straight from The College Board, themselves, so it should give you a snapshot of the kinds of questions youll see on test day (since they wrote the test and all). By the way, the questions are ranked in order of difficulty in their question pamphlet from 1 to 5, where 1 is the least difficult and 5 is the most. The question below is marked as a difficulty level of 2. 11. Social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer argued that (A) competition allows individuals to develop their talents and meet their needs(B) competition and cooperation are equally important in building a productive and compassionate society(C) human societies progress through competition since the strong survive and the weak perish(D) human societies progress through cooperation, a natural instinct that should be encouraged(E) God predetermines that some members of society are fated to succeed and some members are fated to fail Answer: Choice (C) is correct. Social Darwinists  such as Herbert Spencer argued that the history of human societies and races has been shaped by the same principles as those that Charles Darwin had postulated for biological evolution, namely the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest. Social Darwinists, therefore, tended to interpret the geopolitical dominance of Europe (and people of European birth or ancestry) in their late-19th- and early-20th-century world as both proof for the argument that Europeans were more highly evolved than other races and as a justification for continued European colonial rule worldwide.

Music Therapy for Pain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Music Therapy for Pain Management - Essay Example While practitioners report good results with it, most of the practice is based on empiric evidence. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to explore research to find out evidence that can support current practice or can change practice. To determine evidence, a literature search was undertaken on the available database with the key words "music", "therapy", "music therapy", "nursing practice", "pain management", "complementary therapy", "alternative therapy", and "palliative nursing." This resulted into 234 articles. These articles were further searched on key words "research articles." This narrowed down the number of articles to 34. Among these articles, a search was conducted with the key word "national guideline," and this revealed 0 articles. This indicated there exists no nursing practice guidelines on pain management with music therapy. Further search was conducted with the phrase "systemic review", and this resulted into 6 articles. One of these articles was chosen, and another 5 articles were chosen from the previous group. The inference from this search was that music therapy is practiced in contemporary palliative care nursing practice, but there is no national guideline for its use. However, the existence of many systemic reviews tells us about the evidence that can be used in practice. Article that Best Supports Nursing Interventions The article that best supports nursing interventions is "Music as an Intervention in Hospitals" by Evans (2001) on behalf of The Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidenced based Nursing and Midwifery. This is a systemic review of articles graded on the basis of level of evidence. The author sites evidence from literature that music has been used for all age groups in a wide variety of clinical care settings as adjuncts to conventional management. The care settings include intensive care, coronary care units, and even outpatient departments. From the evidence, it appears that it has been used universally across practice settings. In some cases, it has also been used a relaxation technique. The author presents findings from different articles and studies. Evidence suggests that music in the form of recorded music from a compact disc player was the therapeutic music of choice. The randomized controlled trials indicate that music has been used for reduction of anxiety, relaxation, reduction o f pain, improvement of cognitive function, buffering noise, increasing satisfaction, improvement of mood, increment of exercise tolerance, and improvement of tolerance of some procedures. Music has also been used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and pain. The outcome measures for pain control were decrease in the severity of pain and decreased requirement of analgesics. For procedures, the decreased requirement of sedatives was evidenced by improvement in patient satisfaction, better tolerance of procedure, and notable elevation of mood. The researchers recorded symptomatic reduction of anxiety and corroborated these through physical examination, which indicated reduction in heart rate and respiratory rate. No subjective reduction of pain symptoms was noted, although the dose of analgesics required to produce a desired pain relief was less. Similarly, reduction of required dose of sedatives during unpleasant procedures was noted. This review did not find any evidence that music impr oved tolerance of the procedures, but it improved mood of the

Topic picked from the book clockwork orange Research Paper

Topic picked from the book clockwork orange - Research Paper Example R. Deltoid, The prison chaplain, Billyboy, The prison governor, ‘Minister of the interior’, Dr. Branom, Dr. Brodsky, F. Alexander and Cat woman. The novel was purposefully written to show people that their past does not matter, and that whatever they were they can change from their past. Alex is the main character in the book, being portrayed as the violent one. Certain quotations from the book are subject to interpretation, and will be looked at in this essay. The first chapter has a quotation that catches my eye, which reads, â€Å"What’s it going to be then, eh?† There was me, that is Alex, and my three droogs, that is Pete, Georgie, and Dim. Dim being really dim and we sat in the Korova Milkbar making up our rassoodocks what to do with the evening, a flip dark chill winter bastard though dry (Burgess, pg 10). In this extract, Alex has been portrayed as the figurative bad guy in the novel. He has a show of might and rank, calling his friends droogs, mean ing that they answer to him. Alex is liberal, and this can be viewed by the use of his slang language. He uses the language liberally and without worry. I can’t help but notice that he has taken the role of a leader, in that he is the leader of his gang of friends. Alex stands for a typical and highly successful teenager. This can be seen by the way he has dressed while with his gang, â€Å"The four of us were dressed in the height of fashion† (Burgess, pg 10). Also noticeable is how he tells of their wealth, â€Å"Our pockets were full of deng, so there was no real need from the point of view of crasting any more pretty to tolchok some old veck in an alley and viddy him swim in his blood while we counted the takings and divided by four, nor to do the ultra-violent on some shivering starry grey-haired ptitsa in a shop and go smecking off with the till’s guts. But as they say, money isn’t everything.† (Burgess, pg 10) From this extract, I can say th at Alex is in himself a master at the game of violence, and at everything he does. Though he knows violence and has participated in it, he still believes that there is more to life than money. From these quotations, a lot can be studied according to his personality. I can conclude without doubt that Alex is generic, mindless, has considerable knowledge of evil, substantive, is highly individualistic and from the looks of it is likeable from the way he carries himself. As soon as his own boost kicks in, Alex leads his gang into the streets, where they find an old man carrying books home from the library. Sensing his fear, they first play with him for a few moments before beginning to assault him. After ripping apart his books and taking his false teeth together with his clothes, they let him walk away whimpering. The gang continues in their violent spree until the law catches up. He is betrayed by the very people he leads, with his one violent scheme not going according to plan. Dim betrays him, and he finds himself beaten up and being forced to confess to his crimes. This shows that Alex is trusting, though from this it seems he trusts the wrong people. I see this in the extract, â€Å"Bog murders you, you vonny stinking bratchnies. Where are the others? Where are my stinking traitorous droogs? One of my cursed grahzny bratties chained me on the glazzies. Get them before they get away† (Burgess, pg 66). Dim chained him, and the rest were nowhere to be seen. He learns his lesson the hard way.

Early Autum Essay Example for Free

Early Autum Essay Langston Hughes short story â€Å"Early Autumn† demonstrates how distance and time can heal a broken heart. The main character Bill illustrates his distance from Mary showing that he has moved on with his life and relationship. The symbolism in Langston Hughes short story â€Å"Early Autumn† reveals the coldness and distance Bill has towards his and Mary’s once relationship. Hughes writes, â€Å"It was late afternoon. Nearly sunset. Cold. † (Hughes, n. d. , para 4) is a perfect example of Bill’s and Mary’s lost relationship. The sunset symbolizes the darkness and coldness in Bill and Mary’s now relationship. Bill is unable to see anything other than a casual friendship with Mary. The coldness has moved in and fall has packed her bags and winter has now arrived to take up residence. The trees are bare and lifeless, it resembles how Bill feels towards the relationship him and Mary once shared, he is emotionless almost lifeless towards Mary. For Bill the darkness is so thick he is unable to see anything in front of him. This woman standing before him may have been someone he once knew a long time ago but she is now someone he no longer recognizes. It’s like the grim reaper had made his appearance taking any life and happiness that had been for Bill and Mary’s once relationship. For Bill that part of his life had been buried and laid to rest a long time ago. The handshake symbolizes the finality of the once relationship for Bill. Mary still clings to the hope that Bill has feelings for her upon seeing him again (â€Å"Unconsciously, she lifted her face as though wanting a kiss, but he held out his hand. Hughes, n. d. , para 3). Bill extends his hand to Mary almost instantly severing any idea of romanticism that Mary could have possibly had. Bill extends his hand to Mary almost instantly severing any idea of romanticism that Mary could have possibly had. Bill’s almost business like handshake shows that he doesn’t foster the same ideas or cling to the same memories that Mary does. Bill treats Mary as a colleague, not someone he one shared such an intimate part of himself with. He buried his feelings for Mary the day she gave up on him and their relationship. He now only sees Mary as an acquaintance. The unknown people walking around symbolize how Bill and Mary really no longer know each other. Standing talking to Mary in the hustle and bustle of the New York City streets, (â€Å"A great many people went past them through the park. People they didn’t know† Hughes, n. d. , para 4). Throughout the years that past and the lives they have lived people have weaved in and out. They now both lived two separate lives; Bills life was full of happiness and Mary’s life full of regret. But standing there on the street that day they were strangers themselves. Many years passing just like the people passing by on the busy city street. Even though knowing each other, sharing stories and lives with each other once upon a time, having an intimacy knowing each other in and out. Distance, time and experience have made them different people almost foreign to each other in a way. They are no longer the people they once knew now they are strangers much like the people weaving in and out on the busy streets. The use of Bill’s wife’s name symbolizes his happiness with his marriage and his wife. Bill has made a life for himself and is a very happy man. He tells Mary of this life and of his family with such enthusiasm and pride that you can tell he is right where he wants to be. When talking with Mary at one point Bill mentions his wife by name, Mary on the other hand seems to forget her that she husband. Not once during her and Bill’s conversation does she mention him by name. (â€Å"Sure,† he replied. â€Å"You and your husband must have dinner with my family some night. Any night. Lucille and I’d love to have you. † Hughes, n. d. , para 7). Bill invites Mary and her husband to his house for dinner and calls his wife by name. Saying (â€Å"Lucille and I’d love to have you†. ) Bill added a hidden intimacy for his wife by calling her by name. Letting Mary know then and there he loved his wife, by stating her name brought a reality to the fantasy for Mary. Ending and crushing any hope Mary may had clung to. Bill was happy and enjoyed his life; never once regretting his decision’s. Whereas Mary will live with regret for the rest of her life. I truly enjoyed this short story; I think a majority of people can relate. For me it was the lost love or the one who got away. I think that everyone in some way has had this happen to them I know that I have. I can relate to Bill, I can understand how he loved someone so much and they could just move on so easily without so much as a single word. Having your trust broken and it taking years before you can trust someone again is a long and painful road. I think love and relationships are something a lot of people take for granted now a days. Fighting over petty things, putting material possessions over human worth seems to be the norm for most relationships now a days. Fighting with someone and instead of talking it over or working it out; people holding grudges or moving on without so much as a single word uttered. But for Bill it worked out he found love, true love. I think for me the story showed that sometimes it takes a couple of wrong ones until your find the right one. To not let one bad experience jade you for the rest of your life because at the end of it all there is always a silver lining.

tragoed Free Essay: Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex) as a Greek Tragedy :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus the King as a Greek Tragedy The Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles (496-406 B.C.), adheres to Aristotles (384-322 B.C.) definition of a tragedy. The first criterion of a Greek tragedy is that the protagonist be a good person; doubly blessed with a good heart and noble intention. Sophocles reveals immediately at the start of the play that Oedipus is such a man. As is common in the Greek tragedy Oedipus is also an aristocrat. Born of the King and Queen of Thebes he is of true nobility. Oedipus on the other-hand believes his parents are the King and Queen of Corinth. Oedipus was abandoned as a baby and adopted by them. Because that information is known to the audience, and not to Oedipus prior to the start of the play, it is a perfect example of tragic irony because when he declares that he will find the murderer he is the man that he pursues. Here he is told by Tiresias,† I say you are the murderer you hunt† (1235). The theme of Oedipus the King is not clear-cut. The theme in this tragic play seems to be you can‘t escape your fate. Contentment leads to ignorance as Oedipus lends fate a hand in his bitter end. This trait is touched-on in these lines spoken by Creon. â€Å"Look at you, sullen in yielding, brutal in your rage- you’ll go too far. It’s perfect justice: natures like yours are hardest on themselves†(Sophocles 1242-1243). Oedipus is a true hero in the Greek tragedy. He has the fate of the community in his hands along with the noble character to take care of it himself. He announces his convictions to take this problem into his own hands and do whatever is necessary to lift the curse. Oedipus addresses the priests assembled before him, â€Å" You can trust me; I am ready to help, I’ll do anything (Sophocles 1225). The city has this faith in him and the priest come to tell him so he will help them lift the curse. â€Å"Now we pray to you. You cannot equal the gods, your children know that...But we do rate you first of men,†(1226). He also appears to have Apollo’s ear, which makes him seem all-powerful to the audience; this is another stan dard of the classic Greek tragedy. Oedipus told his people, †After painful search I found one cure: I acted at once.

Employer rights and responsibilities workbook Essay

1.1 Equal opportunity: Equal and fair treatment, ensuring that people have equal access to opportunities and that the diversity of the work forces in value. * Equal Pay Act 1970 and its implementation Act 1975: to insure that men and woman would receive the same pay and conditions. * Sex Discrimination Act 1995 and Regulation 2003: to insure that men and woman are treated equally and fairly at workplace. * Disability Discrimination Act 1975: to deal with discrimination against an employee or potential employee because of their disability. 1.2 Employment protection: Outlines the duties, rights and responsibilities of employers and employees. * Employment Act 2002: to give additional rights to the employment. * Employment Rights Act 1996: Where employees are entitled to maternity and paternity leave and termination of employees. * Employment Relations Act 2004: to deal with employee relations and the operation of the statutory recognition for trade unions. 1.3 Health and Safety: Laws t hat keeps everyone safe and reduce hazard and manage skills, at work. * Health and Safety at work Act 1974: to raise the standard of health and safety for all individuals at work and to ensure the environment is safe and non hazardous to the health of employees. The employer and employee have common responsibility for health and safety. Read more:Â  Statutory Responsibilities and Rights of Employees and Employers Essay Task 2. * Job contract. * HR Department. * Policy and Procedures. * Team leader, NW manager, etc. * Job description (terms and conditions). * Citizen Advisory Bureau. * Unison. * Solicitor. * Employment Tribunal. * Advice agencies. Task 3. * Grievance procedure: Any grievance to the terms and conditions of employment should be discussed with manager. If the matter is not solved then it should be pursued with the grievance policy. * Disciplinary matters: The Trust has a Disciplinary procedure policy in the HR Department and also at the work place. Any breach of the Disciplinary rules will lead to disciplinary action, including dismissal. If the employee is dissatisfied with the formal disciplinary action then the employee has the right to appeal within 21 days of written confirmation of the disciplinary action taken. The aim of the Disciplinary Procedure for all staff of the trust is to ensure uniformity of treatment between one individual and another and between one group of staff and another. To ensure justice for individual employees, to provide protection to the efficiency and smooth running of the trust, work place, etc. This procedure applies to all the staff employed by the trust. * Rehabilitation of offenders Act: The employee is required to disclose to the trust of any caution, conviction, bind-over’s, motoring convictions or police proceedin gs. The employee is also required to apply for CRB. * Confidentiality: An employee has a duty of confidence to patients and a duty to maintain professional ethical standards of confidentiality. Under the Data Protection Act 1998 anyone working with personal information in any form must ensure it remains confidential and that only people who need the information have access to it and that only minimum information necessary is processed. Task 4. Employee number- It is a number assigned to an employee by the employer. Employee name – Name of the person who is an employee. Tax code – This is number followed by a letter. It tells the amount of tax to the employer to be deducted from employee. This is based on information given by HMRC. National Insurance Number – It is a personal and unique number of an employee, who keeps it throughout his/her life during/ when applying for employment. Net pay year to date – This section shows how much have been paid in the financial year. It shows how much National Insurance and tax have been made. Pay before deductions (gross pay) – The amount of employees wages before deduction of tax, pension and national insurance. The deductions made for income tax – This is a tax on each individuals income paid to the national government to spend on other services such as NHS, Defense, social security and public services. The deductions for a pension – A deduction from the employee wages for his/her retirement and to increase the income for pensioner. The amount you actually receive (after deductions) – It is the totally amount (net) of money the employee will take home after all the deductions have been made. Task 5. Grievance policy: Grievance is a dispute between employer and employee. It is basically any disagreement between them. Regarding to the grievance policy at work: * Employers should have their grievance procedure in writing and make sure that all staff are aware of any policy or procedure. * At early stage, the grievance has to be given a chance to be dealt informally with the immediate line manager. Pursuing the formal routine should be a last resort rather than the first option. * Employees should let the employer know the nature of the grievance and issue on time. * Employers are responsible to arrange any formal meeting without unreasonable delay to investigate and to establish the facts of the case. * Employers should allow the employee to be accompanied at any formal meeting and should permit the employee the right to appeal against any formal decision made. Task 6. Personal information kept by my employer about myself is: Name, Date of birth, bank details, NIC umber, address, telephone number, next of kin, tax code, education and qualification, training and courses attended, CRB check, personal health or any health conditions. Employers need to keep some personal information about their employees, as required by law and some for employer’s purpose, as well as in line with Data Protection Act 2003. Under the Data Act 1998, employees are entitled to have access to their own personal information, in order to verify or correct any inaccuracy. Stored – ESR, Electronic records. Access – Network Manager, Manager, HR Department. Task 7. My Role, Responsibilities and job description: I carry out my role and duties with full responsibility that are agreed in my job description in line with the Policy & Procedure of the organization, as well as Health and safety. My role, responsibilities and job description include: * Being a Key worker, I need to support Service users to convene, set dates and invite identified individuals to their PCP at least once every 4months. * Support service users to access activities of their choice within and around the local community. * Support service users who wish to go on holiday, to plan and access holidays of their choice. * Ensure all the assessments/paperwork for service users are completed. * Ensure any items purchased by service users or on their behalf are recorded on inventories. * Ensure that service user’s health records are up dated and reflect their current health and outcome of appointment attended. * Attend training courses/meetings to update/maintain knowledge and skills to carry out Support Worker/ key worker role effectively. * Where required work with professionals, in order to de velop and set up appropriate guidelines for service users. * Support service users to attend health appointments and if possible a Key worker should attend the appoint ment to make sure there is continuity. * Ensure to bring to attention of the Team leader/Network manager of issues related to Service users which affect their health or prevent them from achieving goal/action. General Responsibilities: * To support all service users at home with their daily routine eg personal care, dressing, meals, etc. * To support service users to be as independent as possible by promoting independence in all aspects of their lives. * To offer choice in all aspects of daily living. * To provide a clean and pleasant home environment, in both private area and communal areas. * To provide support to service users to attend their activities and appointments e.g. shopping, family visits, disco, etc. * To administer medication and maintain accurate record of Marr Sheet, financial transactions and record any accidents or incidents which may occur. My role affects the running of the setting by carrying out my duties & responsibilities as team member and by working in the best interests of the service users, as I am providing emotional, moral and practical support according to their needs. Task 8. Other health professionals are: * GP/Doctor. * Nurse/ District nurse. * Physiotherapist. * Dentist. * Reflexologist. * Psychologist. * Psychiatrist * Speech and Language therapist. * Care manager. * Social services. * Chiropodist/ podiatrist. * Epilepsy Dr/Nurse. * Opticians. My role is to assist these Health Professionals to carry out their duty/job according to their profession in order to improve the health of service users. These health professionals may provide: * Offer advice, information, diagnosis or treatment related to the service user. * May prescribe medicine/ drugs or may refer to another professional for further tests/opinions. * Advice support worker/key worker to carry out the treatment at home or use the equipment out home eg Flowtron boots. * Advice support worker to carry out the guidelines and report of any changes which may be harmful for service user or treatment not improving the health of the service user. It is my responsibility to work alongside the health professionals to ensure the well being of the service users and to provide them the services they need to be in good health. Task 9. * Team leader. * Network manager. * Operational manager. * Social worker. * Physiotherapist. * Podiatrist. * Nursing e.g. children, adults, mental health. * Reflexologist. * Occupational therapist. * Health care jobs: Ambulance Care assistant. * Speech and language therapist. Task 10. My own professional development plans: Short term: I would like to complete NVQ3. Medium term: To update my mandatory and other trainings according to my employer. Look for any other new things going on in my work sector. Long term: look and find a Diploma/degree which is interesting to me. Then according my knowledge and skills, I would like to apply for that Diploma/degree course in a college or university, where available. Task 11. Issue: Cost cutting. Key points in favor: To save money for the future. Key points against: Lack of resources. Providing poor health care. Low morale among staff. Issue: Privatization of NHS. Key points in favor: To build a better health care sector. To provide better quality of care. Key points against: Good quality of care will be provided to a person who can afford it but not everyone. Employers may not like the strict terms and conditions of the job. Old and vulnerable people may not receive good quality of care as they may not afford it as they are on benefits/pension, etc.

Hitorical Theory and Design of Le Corbusier

Notre-Dame-Du-Haut/ Le Corbusier jpg" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0809992.001.jpg"/> Figure 1 â€Å"The key is light and light illuminates forms and forms have emotional power. By the drama of proportions by the drama of relationships unexpected, amazing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Le Corbusier[ 1 ] Le Corbusier, besides named as Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris, was one of the great European designers in the 20Thursdaycentury and designed legion sums of edifices across the universe although of all Le Corbusier’s spiritual work, those built, or those which remains as thoughts, the Notre-Dame-du-Haut chapel at Ronchamp is both the most well-known and the most cryptic. Its organic signifier, usage of abstract forms, and combination of coloring material, texture, visible radiation, and sound are the major factors towards the modern art of the period. The chapel manner of architecture is known as the International Style, Sculptural Style, Brutalism, and every bit good as Expressionist Modern[ 2 ]. The site is located on the upland at the top of the hill and there is an attack path which ascends from the south E, with trees giving some enclosures to the West and restricting the upland on its western side. The original site had been a popular finish for pilgrims since the thirteenth century. Ronchamp community was little, population of 200, but on the holy yearss of the pilgrim's journey it can acquire up to the 10 1000s of pilgrims and would deluge the chapel and the surrounding hill. The original chapel of Ronchamp was destroyed in a lightning fire during the 1910s and so was re-built. Then World War Two broke out, the chapel of Ronchamp was destroyed due to the German heavy weapon fires. Father Pierre Marie Alain Couturier was sent to offer Le Corbusier for the undertaking on reconstructing the chapel. Surprisingly, Le Corbusier ab initio refused the committee for this undertaking stating that he did non desire to work for a ‘dead institution’ , perchance because of the resentment that he felt about the Church’s rejection of the Basilica at La Sainte Baume. His helper Andre Wogenscky, a Gallic designer in coaction with Le Corbusier, recorded a conversation in which the Le Corbusier told Father Couturier, the Dominican priest who had such a clear influence on his ritual apprehension, that he had no right to work on the strategy and that they should happen a Catholic designer alternatively. Harmonizing to Wogenscky ; â€Å"Father Couturier explained to him that the determination to inquire Le Corbusier had been taken in full consciousness of the state of affairs, in the cognition that he was non spiritual. Finally, he said: ‘But Le Corbusier, I don’t give a darn about your non being a Catholic. What I need is a great artist†¦ you will accomplish our end far better than if we asked a Catholic designer: he would experience bound to do transcripts of ancient churches’ . Le Corbusier was brooding for a few seconds, and so he said: ‘All right, I accept.’† Andre Wogenscky[ 3 ] The first deduction of â€Å"rough† studies that Le Corbusier did, for the chapel, was to look into the skylines puting about in Ronchamp so the chapel can be fitted in the landscape. And so there are merely four skylines ; to the E, the Ballons d’Alsace ; to the South, a little vale ; to the West, the field of the Saone ; to the North, another little vale and a small town. This gives each facade of the edifice a ground to react to different attitudes: welcoming, observing, service and symbolism. However, the first study of the site was merely a few lines that summarised all of the cardinal elements of the edifice as it was so constructed such as the infinites defined by the curving walls and the form of the roof.â€Å"These characteristics, imbued as they are with a sense of malleability, are declarative of a reclamation of church architecture using architectonic agencies ( in other words, non trusting merely on the inclusion of plants of modern art ) .†[ 4 ] The roof was inspired by the crab-shell – which Le Corbusier had picked up the crab shell on the beach of Long Island in 1946 – though critics have interpreted the inclining curve as forms diverse as a nun ‘s wont or a boat. Its roof sculptural character dramatizes the power and flexibleness of the concrete to unify the organic volumes. A infinite of several centimeters between the shell of the roof and the walls provides a important entry for daytime. This type of planing the roof reflects earlier plants of Le Corbusier’s: frequently, thin piles supported a big lodging block, go forthing the land floor hollow and unfastened. â€Å" Le Corbusier raises the roof for symbolic grounds associating to the Assumption. Levitation is amazing because it denies the Torahs of gravitation. Therefore, by denying our expectations—that roofs remain affiliated to buildings—Le Corbusier signals Ronchamp’s visitants that they are present at a marvelous supernatural event. † Robert Coombs[ 5 ] Figure 2 The edifice has three towers and three doors, the one to the E for the pilgrims to entree the exterior chapel for mass folds on yearss of pilgrim's journey. The towers are made of rock masonry and are topped with cement domes. There’s another light gaps in the chapel, which are the signifier of the chapel towers. The thought of the chapel towers is influenced by the studies of the Serapeum of Hadrian’s Villa in 1911, in which the chuckhole at its terminal is dramatically illuminated with visible radiation. The towers appear in the inside as apsiss, settled the enlargements of the room. These white painted apsiss are lighted with indirect visible radiation from above shed thaumaturgy visible radiation over the curving walls. The light creates the consequence of enclosed infinite. Although the inside is non to the full illuminated, as it is, for illustration, the Jubilee Church by Richard Meier. The difference between the comparing of Notre-Dame-du-Haut and the Jubilee Church is the sum of visible radiation that pollutes the country. The Jubilee Church has both facade of north and south covered with glass panels leting the full strength of the natural visible radiation in the church whereas the Notre-Dame-du-Haut merely allows the light seaming from the spreads between the ceiling and the walls, and the familial visible radiation from the chapel towers. In footings of contrast, the Notre-Dame-du-Haut is dark, as some Gothic churches, foregrounding the drama of visible radiation and underscoring the sanctity of the infinite. Figure 3 Light is a symbol of faith so in the past architectural designs of the Gothic churches took this construct to the extreme as visible radiation is one of the most of import component of any spiritual construction and besides it gives the infinite an aeriform quality. The type of visible radiation joined with verticalness of the infinite produce an ambiance of Highness, lift and magnificence, and this method of utilizing visible radiation has influenced the other designers such as Kenzo Tange in his Tokyo Cathedral and Tadao Ando in his Church of Light, for illustration. The similarity between the Notre-Dame-du-Haut, Tokyo Cathedral and Church of Light is that they all relied on deriving the natural visible radiation, whereas the visible radiation is its supporter. Another beginning of visible radiation is from the South wall, where the visible radiation penetrates through the little ports covered with stained colored glass that cast a great trade of reflected visible radiation into the dim room and from the outside these ports seemed to be merely bantam Windowss, but inside they open up into big white ports. The form of the ports in the midst wall is cut implicitly and widen, leting the visible radiation to gently melt indoors. Thus this shows that the visible radiation is in the laterality of the inside in the chapel and the visible radiation is its faith. Figure 4 The walls around the interior act as acoustic amplifiers, particularly in the instance of the eastern outside wall that echoes the sound out over the field from the out-of-door communion table moving as the speaker unit for the standing pilgrims. Le Corbusier wrote that the signifier of the chapel was designed in order to make the ‘psycho-physiology of the feelings’ , but non to carry through the demands of faith.â€Å"As in the Basilica at La Sainte Baume, it was Le Corbusier’s purpose to make full each visitant to Ronchamp with a sense of the transforming and renewing power of harmoniousness, as manifested through coloring material, sound and signifier in the belief that it was possible to alter behavior through impacting the feelings.†[ 6 ]Sound would play a critical function in transporting a sense of harmoniousness. The Chapel’s beginning is its laterality, the music – ‘music and architecture’ in Le Corbusier’s positio n ‘being two humanistic disciplines really near in their highest manifestations’ . It was Le Corbusier’s purpose that here ; â€Å"They will be able to do unbelievable music, an incredible sound when they have twelve thousand sand people outside with amplifiers. I said to the priest, ‘you should acquire rid of the sort of music played by an old amah on an old organ – that’s out of melody – and alternatively hold music composed for the church, something new, non sad music, a loud noise, an unhallowed din’ . Le Corbusier[ 7 ] The outside of the chapel and the milieus are both united in such a manner that the landscape is called in to lend in the religious work of architecture. From a distance, the pilgrims can see the white tower lodging out of the forests and the more the pilgrims climb up the hill the more of the white walls of the chapel will be revealed and this type of path is influenced by the path to the Parthenon, a temple in Athens. Knowing the fact that Le Corbusier was brought up as a Protestant and in ulterior life adhered to no peculiar religion but Le Corbusier stated:â€Å"I have non experienced the miracle of religion but I have frequently known the miracle of unexpressible infinite, the ideal of plastic emotion†[ 8 ], transforming spiritual architecture into the material of his modern architectural vision. Shortly before the dedication in the summer of 1955, Alfred Canet, who was the secretary for the local edifice commission, wrote to Le Corbusier, stating that a little brochure was to be prepared for the gap, explicating the narrative of the edifice. He asked the designer for a statement, but the answer was indirect, inquiring Canet alternatively to make the account of the 5th volume ofOeuvre complete; â€Å"I have no more complete account to give, since the chapel will be before the really eyes of those who buy the brochure. That is better than most facile speech† . Le Corbusier[ 9 ] Ronchamp has ever troubled international architectural critics particularly Modernists and Rationalists. Its popularity and profusion of degrees of communicating merely swamp expostulations about its aberrance from Modern Movement beliefs about truth to stuffs. In his ain testimonies, Le Corbusier recognised that it was an exceeding brief:‘1950-55. Autonomy: Ronchamp. A wholly free architecture. No programme other than the jubilation of the Mass – one of the oldest of human establishments. One respectable personality was ever present – the landscape, the four skylines. They were the 1s in command†¦a pilgrim's journey topographic point on specific yearss, but besides a topographic point of pilgrim's journey for persons, coming from the four skylines, coming by auto, train and airplane.Everyone’s traveling to Ronchamp.’[ 10 ]( L.C. , Textes et Dessins pour Ronchamp ) . Charles Jencks ( an American architecture theoretician and critic ) considers t hat the Notre-Dame-du-Haut was the first edifice with the Post-Modernism manner and has caused jobs for Modernists and Positivists such as Nikolaus Pevsner ( a British historiographer of architecture ) , quoted ; â€Å"The edifice that blew apart the Modernist colony was Le Corbusier’s bantam church at Ronchamp, designed in 1950 and opened in 1955. This really first Post-Modern iconic edifice drew an iconoclastic tantrum of gunshot from every side, particularly fastidious Modernists and Positivists such as Nikolaus Pevsner. They looked on every aberrance from the right-angle as a sin.† Charles Jencks[ 11 ] The citation described the Notre-Dame-du-Haut as the edifice with no right-angles in every â€Å"corner† . Modernism architecture follows a â€Å"form follows function† and â€Å"truth to materials† impression, intending that the consequence of the design should come from its intent and that none of the stuffs should seek and be concealed as something else. Although Post-Modernism follows same doctrine but uses more cylindrical and unprompted forms opposed to purely rectangles, and horizontal/vertical lines. Within the twelvemonth of the dedication, James Stirling wrote the evasive remark sing the Modernism and Post-Modernism of the Notre-Dame-du-Haut chapel ; â€Å"It may be considered that the Ronchamp Chapel being a ‘pure look of poetry’ and the symbol of an ancient rite, should non hence be criticised by the principle of the modern motion. Remember nevertheless that it is a merchandise of Europe’s greatest designer. It is of import to see whether the edifice should act upon the class of modern architecture†¦ , and surely the signifiers which have developed from the principle of the limited political orientation of the modern motion are being mannerised and changed in a witting imperfectionism† James Stirling[ 12 ] Two months after the completion of Ronchamp in June 1955, Le Corbusier wrote letters to Alfred Canet, the cure , and Marcellin Carraud, a attorney from Vesoul and a outstanding member of the local edifice commission and the words scribed are more than the common courtesy of an designer composing to his client ; â€Å"After being off for two months I greet you and inquire if you are pleased. It seems that after all this great attempt by a batch of people things have succeeded. You are doing a base, defying a great many assaults and answering to a great many inquiries. You must hold been worried at times. However you have been one of the brave people in the escapade. I wanted to state thank you to you, for Notre-Dame-du-Haut is understanding and that of the Committee this roseola endeavor could hold come up against the obstacle† Letter from Le Corbusier to his client[ 13 ] Giving some grounds why Le Corbusier was chosen as the designer, a member of community, Father Belaud, has explained ;â€Å"Why? For the beauty of the monastery to be born of class. But above all for the significance of this beauty. It was necessary to demo that supplication and spiritual life are non bound to conventional signifiers, and that harmoniousness can be struck between them and the most modern architecture, supplying that the latter should be capable of exceeding itself.†[ 14 ] Bibliography [ 1 ] – Geoffrey H. Baker ( 1984 ) . Le Corbusier An Analysis of Form. Hong Kong: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Page 211. [ 2 ] – Bonbon. ( 2003 ) . Notre Dame Du Haut. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //everything2.com/user/Bonbon/writeups/Notre+Dame+Du+Haut. Last accessed 10th February 2014. [ 3 ] – Flora Samuel ( 2004 ) . Le Corbusier Architect and Feminist. Great Britain: John Wiley & A ; Sons Ltd. Page 119. [ 4 ] – Arthur Ruegg ( 1999 ) . Le Corbusier. Switzerland: Birkhauser. Page 103. [ 5 ] – Bonbon. ( 2003 ) . Notre Dame Du Haut. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //everything2.com/user/Bonbon/writeups/Notre+Dame+Du+Haut. Last accessed 10th February 2014. [ 6 ] – Flora Samuel ( 2004 ) . Le Corbusier Architect and Feminist. Great Britain: John Wiley & A ; Sons Ltd. Page 119. [ 7 ] – Flora Samuel ( 2004 ) . Le Corbusier Architect and Feminist. Great Britain: John Wiley & A ; Sons Ltd. Page 120. [ 8 ] – Le Corbusier ( 2000 ) . The Modulor. Germany: Birkhauser. Page 32. [ 9 ] – Russell Walden ( 1977 ) . The Open Hand Essays. USA: MIT. Page 300. [ 10 ] – Michael Raeburn and Victoria Wilson ( 1987 ) . Le Corbusier Architect of the Century. Great Britain: Susan Ferleger Brades with Muriel Walker. Page 249. [ 11 ] – Charles Jencks ( 2012 ) . The Story of Post-Modernism: Five Decade of the Ironic, Iconic and Critical in Architecture. Great Britain: John Wiley & A ; Sons Ltd. Page 187. [ 12 ] – James Stirling ( 1956 ) . Le Corbusier in Perspective. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arranz.net/web.arch-mag.com/5/recy/recy1t.html. Last accessed 10th February 2014. [ 13 ] – Russell Walden ( 1977 ) . The Open Hand Essays. USA: MIT. Page 301. [ 14 ] – Geoffrey H. Baker ( 1984 ) . Le Corbusier An Analysis of Form. Hong Kong: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Page 212. Illustrations [ Figure 1 ] – Notre Dame Du Haut Front Facade ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/1288287321-ronchamp-528×352.jpg ) [ Figure 2 ] – Notre Dame Du Haut Interior confronting East Wall ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/cid_1213222047_Ronchamp23.jpg ) [ Figure 3 ] – Notre Dame Du Haut Aspe ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/1288307698-ronchamp-elyullo.jpg ) [ Figure 4 ] – Notre Dame Du Haut Interior confronting South Wall ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/1288287366-ronchamp-pieter-morlion-528×352.jpg ) 1